Araby Symbols

Joyce introduces astonishing symbols in the short story Araby. Some of the symbols we talked about in the class were religion, dark, blind and other more. Specifically, Joyce expanded on symbolic imageries to set a particular scene in The North Richmond Street. With attention to, the priest became the symbol for the unknown narrator in the story. The narrator is currently residing in the dead priest’s house. According to James Joyce in Araby, â€Å"Air, musty from having been long enclosed, hung in all the rooms, and the waste room behind the kitchen was littered with old useless papers. The narrator is exploring the house while thinking about his friend’s sister. Singularly, the room is very old and definitely doesn’t smell good. It smells like a prison. It’s almost like a prisoner was trapped in jail and had died there. Correspondingly, the religion was criticized, looked upon like a jail, and a negative factor. In addition, the priest was a kind person from inside because he had donated his house, money, and furniture to his sister. For the time being, the narrator is eradicating in the room and he finds books. The following books are about religion and exploration. The priest was a innovative person. On the other hand, the priest had died just like his rusty bicycle-pump in the garage. In any case, the majority of the people are compared to the town because all of the kind people were gone. In the long run, a question comes to mind, how can Dublin become a better city? All of the good people are gone. To sum it up, the priest was represented the essential past. Furthermore, on the facade of the story another symbol is light. According to Joyce in Araby, â€Å"When were returned to the street, light from the kitchen windows had filled the areas. By definition light is something that makes things visible. Light is the ultimate hope and savior from the dark. Above all, the story continues and light is illustrated more often. â€Å"Some distant lamp or lightened window gleamed over me. †The symbol darkness was described often in the story too. The dark and blind street is the symbol of Ireland. Exclusive of, immediately the light takes the position of the country’s brighter future. Nevertheless, the light came from the kitchen window. Therefore, Joyce signifies gloomy future for his country.

Ovid the Metamorphoses

Joey c. The Metamorphoses: Why Jupiter’s feelings that humans are evil is misled and hypocritical. â€Å"And I reckon them that are good must suffer for it the same as them that are bad. †? William Faulkner. Faulkner’s ideology is prevalent in the story The Metamorphoses, by Ovid, as the poet tells of the god Jupiter destroying all man kind (except for Deucalion and Pyrrha) because of the actions of one, Lycaon. Ovid describes Jupiter's destruction as an effort to protect all the gods who do not live in the heavens. However, Jupiter's actions are not justified in any way presented in the book.In the story there are multiple cases where Jupiter and other gods cause danger and torment on the lower class of gods. Examples of rape, intervention of true love, and god’s being killed, forever changed, and cast out, are all reoccurring events that occur throughout The Metamorphoses. This concludes that, with the destruction of humanity, Jupiter exemplifies charact eristics of ignorance and hypocrisy by: not considering the good and well being of other humans, harming the very gods he set out to protect, and ignoring the other gods wrong doings, that were more detrimental than any human ever had the power to do.Jupiter believes that humans are all evil, however he took this generalization off of one situation and failed to consider any other possibilities. By this generalization, Jupiter has misled information and a bias heart going into his decision to flood the world. Jupiter, during an age of hardship and nothing sacred, went to see a human named Lycaon. During his visit Jupiter was treated with disrespect and was even attempted to be murdered by Lycaon. â€Å"†¦ at first Lycaon mocked their piety†¦ ‘He planned to take me, overcome with sleep, and murder me as I lay unawares. ’† (The Metamorphoses: Book 1, 308-313).So outraged, Jupiter set out to destroy humanity with a flood. K Balsley, whose article about The Metamorphoses is published in the University Of California Press, believes that much of Jupiter’s intention was anger based and that led Jupiter to his misjudgment. â€Å"Jupiter is too overcome with anger, too quick to punish and too abusive of his authority as king of the gods to provide an unbiased version of the truth† (Balsley). Jupiter’s anger clouded his mind from seeing the good that others might have and that Lycaon’s actions are the reason why Jupiter flooded the world, not by mankind's evil.With the flood, two people survived, Deucalion and Pyrrha. These two were examples of the honorable and just men and women that Jupiter neglect to consider as he tore apart all human kind. â€Å"†¦ Jupiter realized the world was now thoroughly inundated, and observed only a single man and woman left out of the many thousands there had been, and that they both were blameless and devout†¦ † (The Metamorphoses: Book 1, 447-451). These two indi viduals proved that Jupiter was too quick to action in his decision and made a major mistake in believing all man kind is evil.These two major parts of The Metamorphoses show Jupiter’s action as ignorant, but it is also Jupiter's hypocrisy seen through his own wrong doings which presents the flaws of Jupiter's justification on the flood. A major justification of why Jupiter washed out humanity is to protect the gods that lived on the earth, however this is a hypocritical desire as there are multiple cases in The Metamorphoses where he caused the earth dwelling gods’ torment. In book 2 of The Metamorphoses, Jupiter seeks out Callisto and rapes her. â€Å"†¦ s she began recounting the day’s hunt, (Jupiter) interrupted her with an embrace that clearly showed his criminal intent† (The Metamorphoses: Book 2, 595-597). By successfully raping Callisto, Jupiter caused her harm which was the very thing he wanted to protect them from. His lust is unstoppable i n the book as he is a powerful god and he hurts both his wife, Juno, and his others in his sexual acts. In book three, his wife is so furious at the lust driven Jupiter that she convinced one of his lovers, Semele, to make Jupiter make love with her using all of his power. †¦ (Semele) could not bear such heavenly excitement, burst into flames and was incinerated by Jove’s gift. Her child was torn out of her womb unfinished†¦ † (The Metamorphoses: Book 3, 497-400). Because of Jupiter's action’s both Semele and his own unborn son are killed. His lust drove Juno to intentionally hurt both Semele and Jupiter because she knew that: by making love to Semele, it would kill her and the unborn child. This shows that he fails to protect the gods, and in a very hypocritical action, e actually did more damage to the gods than any human ever did. The evil of Jupiter’s actions are ironic because his punishment of all humanity is a result of the cruelty and wic kedness of humans that Jupiter saw. Through Jupiter's faults it is clear that his destruction of mankind was an act of hypocrisy, however it is also the actions of other god’s that make Jupiter’s reasons for the flood seem foolish. The gods in the story have powers that even the greatest of human abilities cannot compare to, and with evil intentions they can cause much more damage too.The god’s actions in The Metamorphoses hurt many earth dwelling gods and prove that Jupiter has no justification for the flood if the other gods can’t even act decently. In book 14, Glaucus asks Circe to help him get his love, Scylla. However, Circe was in love with Glaucus so she turned Scylla into a Monster. â€Å"Her lover Glaucus wept at this and fled from having any more to do with Circe†¦ (Scylla) carried off Ulysses’ man as plunder† (The Metamorphoses: Book 14, 96-102). As a monster she killed many men until she was finally transformed again.This tu rn of events shows that Circe’s selfish and evil heart that not only destroyed the love of Glaucus but also killed many innocent men, and morphed Scylla (who had been blameless throughout the story) into a monster. Evil is seen through the gods and they have much greater power to act on it. This proses a greater threat to the gods that any human could have. The power the god’s have come with major responsibilities, however it is prevalent throughout the poem that the gods use these powers in selfish ways. For example, when cupid shoots a love arrow at Apollo and an arrow to reject his love at Daphne.He does this as an act of retaliation of Apollo’s rudeness toward him. This action caused Apollo to attempt to rape Daphne, even if the attempt fails as Daphne’s father turns her into a tree before anything happens. â€Å"One is in love now, and the other one won’t hear of it† (The Metamorphoses: Book 1, 657-658). This not only causes Apollo to b e love driven but for Daphne to never want love, which turns the situation into a rape scene. Cupid’s enormous amount of pride caused multiple gods emotional harm and displays that Jupiter misjudged the negative effect the god’s have on each other.The good and the wicked are punished by Jupiter in this story. It is shown throughout the story of examples of ignorance and hypocrisy created by the flood on Jupiter's behalf. Jupiter shows these traits by not considering the good people effected by the flood, harming the gods who he believed he would be protecting by the wipe out of humanity, and by ignoring the evil actions the gods. Jupiter has no justification of the destruction of humanity and his actions were unjust, hypocritical, and ignorant.

Late Imperial Russia Essay

How was Russia set up to be the nation it is today? Introduction: ‘Imperial Russia’ all started in the 17th century where a man named Tsar Ivan IV the terrible’ battled and defeated the Mongols which were the previous rulers of Russia. He appointed himself the emperor of Russia and his heirs would carry on his principles and his way of ruling throughout the century’s to build a strong nation. The Tsars of the Romanov dynasty would carry on ruling till the last reign in 1890-1917 which was held by Tsar Nicholas II son of Tsar Alexander Ill, it was his and is father’s reign which changed Russia from having its own system (tsarism) to become a nation with a fair government Just like the European nations of their time. At first glance the Tsar’s were thought to be grateful to Russia e. g. ictory over the swedes which transformed Muscovy into a great power of Europe and Alexander II the liberator ended serfdom and restored the government of Russia after losing the Crimean war. However there were many situations, problems in governments and people that caused Russia to change from having Tsarism to having an official government such as parliament. Tsar & Tsarism: The system of Tsarism was governed through three organisations: Firstly there was the imperial council, which were a group of advisers to the Tsar. Secondly there was the Cabinet of Ministers, which ran the government departments of the Tsar. Thirdly there was the Senate, which were the supervisors of the law. All three of these governmental bodies were ranked under the Tsar so every organisation they run, laws they make or suggestions, the final word or decision has to be from the current Tsar ruler, e. g. To quote Reaction and Revolution ‘They were appointed, not elected nd they did not govern’. This is because their roles are basically to give advice because whatever they say has to go through the Tsar. The Tsar which caused most problems were as I mentioned above Nicholas II and Alexander Ill because of what they tried to do to the Russian empire as well as what they didn’t try to do, unlike their reforming heirs, they didn’t fight for Russia or change for Russia, they only did what they did to benefit them, not the rest of Russia. By the time of Nicholas’s reign Russia stretched a distance of 5000 miles from west to east and 2000 miles from outh to north, this of course made ruling Russia even more difficult because one family couldn’t possibly enforce their system on their own unless they had an actual government like other European countries of their time. Even though the sheer size of Russia gave it a well-known powerful image that it’s a nation of strength, it didn’t prove that because parts of the landscape are either unreachable, uninhabitable or just not worth the time to build upon. Considering these facts Tsar Nicholas II wasn’t indeed that powerful as well as the Tsarism system which soon lead to changing into communist government ruled by the Bolsheviks in 1917. Overall the system of Tsarism is the system the Tsar family ran to rule the nation of Russia, this involved only them having command and if any governmental bodies have any ideas to change/improve Russia they could only advise it as only the Tsars nad control. How did the geography of Russia compare to other nations in Europe and effect the Tsar: As IVe mentioned above, Russia consists a land mass of 16,093,440 Kilometres Squared which makes it 2 and a half times bigger than the USA and a whole lot harder to rule, this is because Russia of this time is being ruled by one family which nly cause poverty, social segregation and a failed work force, if you compare it to the USA of its time its doing far better than Russia because the USA is a democracy unlike Russia which is a socialist nation. The differences are that the USA vote and elect, they have different ‘Parties’ which have different Jobs to run the country when Russia is run by one family which tries to do everything and when they do make laws or enforce something, it only rewards them not the nation. The advantage the Tsars had is that the size of Russia made them seem untouchable which explains the lack f countries invading or taking over Russia, this is the only way that the geography of Russia affects it positively, IVe mentioned how it affects Russia negatively e. . bad landscape, too much to rule over, cannot handle to control such a large area. Ruling Russia back then was difficult even with the Trans-Siberian Railway, sure it provided a way to cross the 5000 miles from west to east but it still caused neglect to places like Vladivostok and Irkutsk because they aren’t at all near the capitals such as Moscow and St Petersburg. How did the people of Russia effect the Tsar and what did they do to respond to the ays of the tsar: The people of Russia were so constricted because of Tsarism it caused many problems, one of the catalysts to the problems was that it was a criminal offence to go against the Tsar or Tsarism, therefore if anyone decided they wanted to reform the tsarism system they had to go through the Tsar themselves and of course if it goes against their wishes they’ll say no and arrest the person responsible. There has been Reforming Tsars which improved transport, improved efficiency of the army, re-built cities so they could change Russia for the better, but ventually it was all done for nothing because whenever an heir gained the throne from a reformed Tsar they always went back to the strict ways. This did effect the nation greatly but not as much until the last Tsar ever: Nicholas II, he was meant to carry on the rulings his tatner made to help build Russia into a stronger nation e. g. mproving standard of living, education, employment etc. but he decided to go back to the old socialist ways that caused poverty, distrust of the nation and weakening the barrier between a fair command and compete domination of the people of Russia. People didn’t Just stand around been ruled or told off by the tsars, there have been a few moments where theyVe risen up, worked together to eradicate the current Tsar leader or went underground to discuss what differences they could make on their own without the permission of the Tsar. For example since free speech’ was a common myth in the reigns of Tsar, various people most likely in political activist groups decided to go to extremism. They thought the only way they could get their word out or make a change is through threats or by force, for example in 1881 Tsar Alexander II was blown up by a bomb thrown from the ‘Peoples Will’ hich were a terrorist group, they went this far because they didn’t want to be plagued by the Tsar or Tsarism anymore. However other people of the nation went down low and created societies or non-activist groups which wouldn’t allow the Tsar’s to see how theyre changing Russia in a non-obvious fashion, but eventually after they started to plan a revolution the Tsar caught on and decided to infiltrate them with their own secret police known as the Okhrama. They were issued to perform raids, arrests, imprisonments and infiltrations to stop the ‘secret’ societies so the Tsar could carry on running the government. The only thing that was good that the Tsar provided to the people was an Orthodox Church in every city (ST. Petersburg & Moscow), the people encouraged this because the church was a part of Russian culture and because it didn’t rely on any foreign influence or governmental body. Of course the Church supported the tsarist system throughout the century’s right up to the 19th century where it became well opposed to political/governmental change which caused it to so low in growth, unlike the industrial part of Russia. Consider the fact the only 0. 5% of Russia is the Tsar and their advisors, 12% is military and the last 3. 9% is the public, the public consist of merchants, factory workers and owners, land owners and mainly peasants. This causes issues because of course the Tsar allow the chance that people can buy/own/sell land, but it comes with a price, considering most workers soon save up to buy a farm land but then it comes with a mortgage thus causing them to be in debt and nearly as poor as the peasants. This effected the economy massively because by these statistics 80% of the population were peasants, and they knew peasants were illiterate and have a lack of skills, this portion of the opulation was the catalyst to everything the people did in response to what the Tsar did to Russia. This made the Tsar lower the ranks of the army so they could be filled with ‘conscription’ (the forcing of large numbers of peasants to Join the armed services), these were often called the ‘Dark Masses’. The problems caused by botn Tsarism and the People ot Russia : The issues that were caused by the Tsar effect Russia more frequently and at a higher scale after Alexander the seconds reign, this is because he was the first reforming Tsar for a while and what he did was for the better interest of the nation not himself; People tarted noticing his reforms in 1861 when he emancipated the Serfs, he restored Russia’s governing structure after the loss in the Crimean war and he set up a network of elected councils in the rural areas which were called ‘Zemstvos’, even though it seemed with these elected bodies that anyone could vote, that wasn’t the case because of strict voting regulations only the land owners not the peasants could take part in the voting. Alexander II has obviously made a difference to his nation because of this evidence, but it still did solve the problem that there might be a hance that the next Tsar could ignore his reformative ways and crea te discipline, poverty and all the other problems again like other Tsars before him. He also feared that since he’s doing all of this, he’s not committing to his Tsar duties, so near the end of his reign he goes back to the old ways which doesn’t affect much but leads to his assassination in 188111880. His successor ‘Alexander Ill’ caused all sorts of problems, problems so bad that everyone in the nation felt oppressed during his whole reign, after he was replaced by Nicholas II things got even worse because he didn’t like the eforming that alexander II did, so he carried on the repressive policies of his predecessor, which made Alexander the seconds reformation worth nothing, this of course angered the intelligent, richer and educated class of Russia known as the intelligentsia. The army of Russia was weakened by Nicholas II because he decided to lower ranks in the military so that even peasants could Join, this made becoming a high ranking officer easier therefore more of a chance to affect the tsarism system that Nicholas II has moulded. This weakened the force or strength of the military reatly, so much that the people created their own group called the ‘Militia’ which basically had their own form of Justice against criminals. If the military was going downhill so was the Tsar because Just about 50% of their expenditure was funding the army which was only able to produce a million and nalt me, which does sound powerful but most of which were peasants and land owners. People of Russia had less specific reasons of why the army, or their nation is so bad, they thought that the Tsar civil service was corrupt and the evidence to show it was that it’s the nation hose tried and tried again to reform itself but always goes back and corrupts itself again. Many citizens accused the Tsar of ‘sucking the blood of the people’ which refers to the fact that they control them, they corrupt them and they use them. Overall many people of Russia either appreciated the reformation to be on par with other nations or hating the reformation, the people which wanted the reformation were known as the Westerners’ because they wanted Russia to adopt aspects of European nations so they won’t live in horrendous conditions e. g. destroyed towns/ cities because of wars. Or have economic problems e. g. iving in poverty. The people who wanted Russia to stay the same were known as ‘Slavophiles’ they wanted to preserve the best aspects of Russia, yes solve the problems but not via adopting features of other European nations. Conclusion: The system of Tsarism is the system the Tsar family ran to rule the nation of Russia, this involved only them having command and if any governmental bodies have any ideas to change/improve Russia they could only advise it as only the Tsars had control. The geography of Russia effects its government greatly because it made them seem stronger when actually the tsar couldn’t possibly control the whole of Russia, also because of the vast landscape they couldn’t industrialise as fast as other nations could therefore putting them at a disadvantage as a nation. The people of Russia lived in poverty because of the strict rulings of the tsar, that the tsar couldn’t control all of them, they were in debt if they paid for land, even if theyre factory workers everyone couldn’t possibly benefit the whole nation. Because of the constant change of reforming tsars to cruel tsars the people of Russia didn’t know what to do and what they can do, which lead to assassinations, societies being created and being invaded by military or police.

Service innovation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Service innovation - Assignment Example Designing for service, according to Barrett et al. (2015), is fundamental to achieve service innovation in the contemporary businesses environment. Design thinking entails generating insights about the end users of a service to outlining perspective of their preference. First, Barrett et al. (2015) suggest that researchers should embrace the concepts of design thinking approach to integrating insights of end users of a service to promote innovation solutions. That involves focusing on multiple the demands actors who use the service such as managers, employees, customers, users and other stakeholders during the design process. In relation to the suggestion, designing for service in the banking sector should take into account the unique demands of all users of the system. It must integrate the necessities and demands of managers in the banking sector. It must suit the demands of customers and other users. For instance, designing for service should ensure security of the system that constitutes a key concern of the managers. Managers should have a secure system that is not vulnerable money laundering or effects of cyber-attacks. It should support supervision of activities and transactions in the system. In meeting the demand of employees, design for service in the banking sector should be easy to use and secure. Customers demand innovation solutions that are effective in driving competition. It should create new possibilities in financial transactions that are convenient for the customer to use. Design for service in the banking sector should allow the use of new technologies that promote efficiency for the customer. Other users such as shareholders in the banking sector should find the system easy to access and use. In essence, all users of the service expect exceptional mix of products suited to address their distinct

Construction Safety in the uses of Lifting Appliance (LA) and Lifting Term Paper

Construction Safety in the uses of Lifting Appliance (LA) and Lifting Gears (LG) for Foundation Works - Term Paper Example Violation of these rules may lead to accidents and injuries, especially when dealing with lifting appliances and lifting gear for foundation works. The main activities pertaining to safety in construction are: the proper organization of the construction and operations; organized storage of materials and components: the organization of the site and passes, ensuring the normal operation and emergency lighting of the working area, the organization of technical supervision of the state mechanisms, crane tracks, proper functioning of all construction equipment; a systematic coaching staff; compulsory fencing of areas and stairs, as well as rotating and moving parts of the crane, compliance with the rules of operation of the crane in accordance with the Instructions for installation and operation of lifting devices, use of alarm accordance with the rules pertaining international construction safety laws, and last but not the least, ensuring electrical safety. (Prichard, 2001) One of the mo st important documents that provide trouble-free maintenance works in construction is a project of work organization.  This project takes into account all safety measures that are indicated in the document, including heavy mechanization and labor-intensive work on horizontal and vertical transportation of materials, types of used construction materials and their placement on the site, and the inventory of the forest, scaffolding. Storage of construction materials is allowed only in areas of projected work organization .Indiscriminate storage of materials, products and equipment is prohibited.  Gaps between warehouses and piles are installed in accordance with the requirements of fire-fighting equipment. (Opfer, 2008) At the construction site, pointers driveways and walkways must be installed.  Walkways and driveways for working machines must be free: blockage of materials or waste is not allowed. The width of driveways for one-way traffic shall be not less than 4 m. Aisles bet ween stacks of building materials should be at least 1 meter in each pile should be kept only homogeneous elements. There is serious risk when using lifting gear (LG) or lifting appliances (LA), which can lead to accidents.  Therefore, the zone within which the working crane is dangerous and must be fenced. Since the handling of lifting appliances and lifting gears is a dangerous activity and can be fatal in case of an accident, safety measures concerning their management must be taken into consideration. In this paper, we will talk about Safety concern in Reversed Circulation Drilling, Crane Rotator, the risk assessment and hazards associated with LA and LG. (Prichard, 2001) Controlling LA and LG The main objective of controlling an LA or an LG is to ensure the safe movement and precise stop load-bearing body at a given height, and, if appropriate device, to ascertain the smooth supply of goods into the building. The Hoist driver manages to land the keypad, a 5 to 30 m from the b ase of the lift (depending on the height of the building), or auxiliary control panel located at a carrying a lift. (Opfer, 2008) The driver of the lifting appliance or

Plagiarism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plagiarism - Research Paper Example search is just but a patched art-work with little added value of originality; a definitive scenario that chops off a part of plagiarism controlled sphere into acceptance. Plagiarism occupies a peculiar ethical space in the field of academia. By definition, it refers to a deliberate appropriation and subsequent presentation of non-original ideas/discoveries as one’s own (â€Å"What is plagiarism,†2013). In fact, the University of Kent like many other institutions went elaborate with their definition to include class copying from colleagues (â€Å"What is plagiarism,† 2013, par 1). In the last several years, cases of plagiarism have grown in leaps and bounds, all courtesy of a ubiquitous digitization, whose adoption seems inevitable. The almost limitless access of information on nearly every conceivable topic online has even raised the suspicion among teachers as to whether their efforts in developing students’ critical thinking abilities really bear fruits. A study by Rutgers University in 2003 confirmed a risen prevalent rate of copy-pasting of materials from the Internet without proper citations that acknowledges the sources from across section of students and even the teaching assistants in the United States (Beasley, 2004). Historically, the primary forum to combating plagiarism has been the educational institutions through their honor code programs. In almost all learning institutions, with few exceptions, plagiarism is an unacceptable offence strictly prohibited with heavy penalties. Such institutions have embraced a number of good academic practices, which includes paraphrasing and ethical copying (Gardner, 1999). Though written in own word, information gleaned from other sources should not only have the authors, but show a thorough understanding through point-explanations in addition to own comments. Such a show of knowledge and understanding goes beyond mere display of another person work through memorization and subsequent repetition. One can also

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Management - Essay Example All these are alongside adding challenges for the strengthening the capabilities of the business into competitive edge over competitors. Hence, the information in the referred article provides evidence and learning about the new dimension of sustaining strength across all change, innovation and risk is possible. This new dimension of unification of layers of product and service to generate collective strength is much sounder than the developments in recent past that insisted establishing the footings in different perspectives to remain competitive. Unified system and approach for the management of risk, change and innovation has an added advantage that it offers in the form of shared strength to businesses in dealing with highly competitive pressures. Hence, embracing change does not always require being new but it also required understating the concept of integration and collective wisdom for dealing with challenges (Kepes). Article Two: Hotz, Robert. Differences in How Men and Wome n Think Are Hard-Wired. The Wall Street Journal. 9 Dec. 2013. Online. 14 Dec. 2013. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304744304579248151866594232 The article Differences in How Men and Women Think Are Hard-Wired has important implications for the business and organizational perspective of managing diversity. Management of diversity in the business organizations is still viewed in the light of responsible behavior that organizations are adopting towards society. It is despite fact, that immense benefits of diversity are being generated by the organizations with well blended mix of the employees. The reflection of this perspective is evident from the fact that organizations who take more women in their board room present it as a pride. The article on the basis of assessment has revealed the connection differences in the minds of men and women. This article has emphasizes the on the focused and multitasking attributes of men and women respectively. Both the concepts h ave increased their importance in the organization in recent past. Therefore, diversity management in a way that is calculated for developing the optimum mix of expertise towards focused attention and multi-tasking will now enable business to develop the mix of genders as need of the organization. Hence, with these revelations, the managements of the organization will now have more quantifiable yardstick for the development of employee mix and diversity management in organization. Management of the supply and the value chain is the most important tranche of the business and management literature that has developed since recent past. Forbes published value that is claimed to be generated by Amazon in terms of value chain by introducing the drones for same day delivery (Hotz). Article Three: Banker, Steve. Same Day Deliveries by Amazon Drones? Ridiculous! What Really Makes Sense. Forbes. 3 Dec. 2013. Online. 14 Dec. 2013. http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevebanker/2013/12/03/same-day-del iveries-by-amazon-drones-ridiculous-what-really-makes-sense/ The article entitled Same Day Deliveries by Amazon Drones? Ridiculous! What Really Makes Sense has some valuable contribution in the effective management of the supply Chain. The core idea in the article has identified the critical factor of effective managem

International Trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

International Trade - Research Paper Example wing the standards required for being a part of the euro-zone (Maastricht criteria) would indirectly mean not just stability of currency, but also good economic policies and sustained growth for the region Austria or the Republic of Austria is a landlocked country with a population of about 8.5 million. It forms a trade route between eastern and western Europe and as such, its location in central Europe is quite strategic. Austrias terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500  metres (1,600  ft). As such, it is a very beautiful county and a major tourist destination. Austria has a well-developed economy with a high standard of living. Austria has achieved sustained economic growth and belongs to the richest countries in the EU (4th after Luxembourg, Ireland, and the Netherlands). After a period of low growth of only around 1.0% annually during 2001-2003, Austrias economy recovered again in 2004 and 2005 and grew 2.5% and 2.9%, respectively, driven by booming exports in response to strong world economic growth. Primarily due to higher growth in Europe, particularly Central and Eastern Europe, and continued export growth, Austrian real GDP grew 3.3% in 2006 and 3.4% in 2007. (US Dept of State, 2009) Austria, being one of the richest countries in world as well as in the EU, has a very developed banking system. The Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) is the central bank of Austria and, as such, an integral part of both the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and the Eurozone. Though the banking sector of Austria has been going through a period of steady restructuring and consolidation since 1990, this period has also seen the rise of relatively large banking groups (e.g., Erste Bank and Raiffeisen Zentralbank (RZB)). Also, smaller banks have clustered together and became increasingly tied through cross-guarantee schemes. Nevertheless, with some 900 (although mostly small) banks, â€Å"Austria retains one of

Interactive Video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interactive Video - Essay Example Therefore, interactive video is technique put, in place, to enable better use of video and film through interactions since they are blended (Dewdney, 2006). In addition, interactive video involves different media, designs that enable interaction, digital culture, cyber-culture and the human use or interaction with the computer. There is also an interaction with other media such as interactive television, video games, ambient intelligence, interactive advertisement and the social media. Logically, the concept behind video interaction is the interaction techniques and human use. Therefore, most of technology with video interaction has an interactive system of computing that meets the concept of human interaction. However, there is no much meaning in calling a media interactive because most of these devices have already been enabled to offer interaction with humans. On the other hand, it is still important because it connotes the identity of technology and practices. Moreover, some like video games are meant to provide ways of entertainment and leisure. Luckily, technology today has made video interaction easier as compared to the past where it required a return path. In summary, interactive video requires interactive technology and the end user who are humans, which has provided leisure activities for children through video games and tracking of geographical places through maps, amongst others and there is a wide possible future for interactive video. Therefore, this paper provides an investigation of the use of interactive video in media and film, including its significance and possible future use. Science has been the force behind interactive video. This is because methods that are computable have their influence from science. This includes cybernetics, system theories and autopoesis (LOGAN, 2010: 45) which challenge the memory, cognition, emotions, perceptions, affection and reason. This means that the human elements are not a major concern to interactive vide o since it is based on computability. Luckily, interactive video is not just bound to digital video but also other videos like games, printed interactive media and flip books (TAY, 1993:78). Moreover, the interface that takes place between the user and the medium, in this case video, is what is known as interaction. Therefore, interactive video does not only have to be used through digital video but also other forms of media. In summary, science leads to the creation of interactive media. Different technology has been put in use in order to create a successful user interface of interactive media. Notably, the complexity of video interaction depends on the kind of codes used in the creation of the video. This is due to different kinds of programmes that are conceptualized. For example, the javascript, HTML5 and CSS3 technique which are in use, in modern day (Mark, 2002:109). In addition, creativity has also been another approach towards programming of interactive video. Therefore, th e programmes are dependent on the designs of javascript, HTML5 amongst others. As a result, people can interact with the video in relation to the programming. In summary, the creative coding of the interactive video is a form of technique that has been put in use through programmes such as HTML5 and javascript. It is through the concept of interactive media that video games became a reality. It is the computing programmes that one can play video games. This is an appealing concept for children especially during their leisure time as a form of entertainment. Technically, the IMGD 1001 is a process used in the development of games (WOLF, 2008:32). Its role is to look examine different roles that the participants have in the process development as well as artistic

Module 5 - Case MITIGATION AND RISK REDUCTION Essay

Module 5 - Case MITIGATION AND RISK REDUCTION - Essay Example 385). Therefore, the effect of the ear on terrorism is vital in the analysis of the re-evaluation of the definition of security in the United States and reiterating the significance of a connection between threats and the institutionalization of the reactions to the perceived threats. Illegal cross-border activities are still considerable threats to the United States where on the Southwest border, the Tucson section is the main point of entry for the people who smuggle marijuana along with illegal aliens. In the last couple of years, arrests on United States territory have not necessarily reflected the approximations provided by the border patrol thus implying the threats are increasing. Information sharing and communication among the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies has increased considerably in the recent years but there are still gaps that need to be filled as far as implementing agreements between the agencies is concerned. The agencies have come up with forums that allow them to share and exchange information. Nonetheless, in the Tucson section, the agencies have not had enough coordination to make sure that the federal law enforcers maintained access to information concerning the threats and radio communications that are secure and compati ble so enhance their daily operations (Stana, 2010, p. 23). Coordination and collaboration in this areas could improve the safety of the officers and create effective law enforcement responses to the illegal activities that are increasing in this area. Coordination between agencies has been enough to allow sharing of intelligence evaluations between the different agencies as far border security threats to the lands under federal jurisdictions are concerned. These agencies need to collaborate and come up with mutual budget requests, strategies and combined operations that deal directly with these threats. Various efforts between agencies towards the implementation of provisions in the existing

Nintendo Company Ltd Essay Example for Free

Nintendo Company Ltd Essay â€Å"Nintendo Company Ltd .was founded in 1889 as a producer of Japanese playing cards, but by the 1980’s the corporation had turned its attention towards the production of video game hardware and software†. â€Å"Since then, Nintendo has gone on to become the third most valuable company in Japan selling more than 470 million home game consoles and handhelds as of 2009†. Nintendo was founded by Fusejiro Yamauchi the great grandfather of the current president of Nintendo.† Nintendos products arose in the mid-1980s from the relative obscurity of the amusement arcade to change the concept of home entertainment in both Japan and the United States†. Strengths: Nintendo â€Å"strongly established brands†, â€Å"robust revenue growth†, â€Å"strong cash flow from operations, and â€Å"Nintendo derived most of its revenue from the video game business, Nintendo was in the lead in video console† (pg.C269). Weakness: Nintendo weakness is â€Å"Inventory shortages†.†Nintendo was unable to meet demand during 2007 and also struggled throughout 2008†.†In an interview on the website Game Theory, Perrin Kaplin, Nintendo vice president of marketing and corporate affairs, suggested that shortages were expected some time†. â€Å"We are at absolute maximum production and doing everything we can†¦but demand continues to be really high† (pg.C273). Also Opportunities: â€Å"Rising demand for company’s products and related software†, â€Å"growing US games software market†, and â€Å"increasing demand for online gaming†. Threats: â€Å"Short products lifecycle†, â€Å"slowdown of the Japanese, the US, and European economies†. â€Å"The five forces may be interdependent i.e. pressures from one direction can trigger off changes in another dynamic process of shifting sources of competition†. â€Å"Industry rivalry here occurs in the strategic alliances i.e. battle to control market†. â€Å"With huge players like Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft there is a tuff battle between companies to dominate the market†. â€Å"The threat of entrants into the industry can be negligible with the existence of players like Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft etc†. â€Å"There can be no substitute to the video games†. â€Å"The Power of Buyers in the video game industry is low as there are very few successful companies in the video game industry, therefore a small variety of video games available to the buyers†. â€Å"On the other hand, the Power of Suppliers is very high as there are more suppliers available to a handful of companies in the video game industry†. â€Å"Nintendo’s goal was to create games that everyone could play and a system that would appeal to women and people who had never played video games in the past† (pg.c273). Nintendo used the three generic strategies: overall cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Nintendo’s strategy was to attract and target all age groups also to make the Wii easy to use whether the player is skilled or a novice. Nintendo was successful at this strategy because â€Å"According to Nintendo, one of the key differences between the Wii and the competitiors’ systems was the broad audience that the Wii targeted† (pg.c273). â€Å"Many of the Wii games were able to be played by all people of all ages, and they were easier to control than the complicated controllers of the Sony Playstation 3 or Microsoft Xbox 360†. Nintendo’s TV commercials of the Wii showed people of different ages and social classes playing the Wii† (pg.c273). Yes I believe all companies can use the strategy of attracting all age brackets with unique products that are easy, fun to use, and affordable. The Nintendo competitive strategy are that the make their consoles cheaper to manufacture. They can sell the base console at a profit while their competitors have to subsidize the retail price. It also gives Nintendo far more room to maneuver when it comes to using the price mechanism to take on that competition. Nintendo will be able to sustain their competitive advantage if they lack in supply of product with a high demand. What Nintendo need to do is maintain their supply so that it will be able to keep up with their competitors and keep clientele. This is the problem they are having which is a high demand for product with low supply. I believe Nintendo’s strategy has good intentions, if I was in position to advise Nintendo of their strategy is will be to change is their supply and demand. If you have a low supply of product how do you expect to make profit? I would advise them to make sure that there is a high supply of products to keep customers happy because there is a great possibility that the company can lose clientele to other competitors. Some customers go great lengths for entertainment and some will pay any price to have it. Nintendo needs to keep their ratings up along with the other companies that are competing and the only way to do that is to make sure that the products are available and the prices affordable. This was an interesting case to work on and I hope I did a good job. I had no idea Nintendo was founded in 1889, I thought it invented in the 1980’s. After reading this case I know that even the popular companies sometime struggle in certain areas. I have a Nintendo Wii and even though I don’t get to play it often but when I do it’s so much fun. The Nintendo Wii is definitely for all ages like it was mentioned in the case. From reading the case and doing research online helped me learn about how Nintendo was founded and their timeline of products. I learned about their rivalry with Sony, Microsoft, and their struggles with supply and high demand. How However Nintendo Wii price was reasonable compared to the playstation3 and xbox. I believe what attracts customers to the Nintendo Wii is that as far as I can remember Nintendo always included a free game with the console which Sony and Microsoft does not provide. My opinion Nintendo strategy has good intentions but to be the better competitor Nintendo needs all their areas to be strong especially their supply of products. Even if it means to hire more employees or outsource jobs to keep products in stock they should go that extra mile to keep their customers happy.

Econ103 end term paper Essay Example for Free

Econ103 end term paper Essay

A Family Affected By Elderly Dementia

A Family Affected By Elderly Dementia Introduction This is a case study of a gentleman with dementia, a condition defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2003) as a syndrome caused by a range of illnesses and which affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment (p.1). Dementia can have a huge impact on health, well-being and quality life for both the person with dementia and their family. It can result in deep feelings of loss for the person with dementia, who often can no longer do all of those activities that were once an enjoyable part of their life. Similarly, family can feel a sense of bereavement at losing loved ones to dementia, a condition that often changes the personality of the person who develops it (Doka, 2004). This provides the rationale for gaining further insight into the care and support needs of people with dementia and their families via case studies such as this one. In particular, this case study will focus on every day and night decisions that affect the person with dementia, including activities of daily living, social activities, and most importantly communication and inclusion. The case study will be formed from a review of case notes for which permission was initially sought from the appropriate line manager as well as from the client with dementia and his family. The client was shown his case notes in order to ensure that he was fully informed as to the documents being requested for use. The client can read and communicate verbally, supporting this method of establishing informed consent. He was also given the opportunity to ask questions. The case study will commence with an introduction to the gentleman with dementia, as well as a description of the current circumstances surrounding his care and the involvement of both himself and his family in care plans and decision-making. Theories and models related to communication and inclusion will be reviewed, followed by the rationale for the participatory approach utilised when working with the client and his family. The case study will conclude with a summary of the key issues identified within the case study, as well as any reflections for future work. Client Profile For the purpose of this case study, the gentleman with dementia will be referred to as Bob. His real identity and that of anyone else within this case study will remain anonymous in order to maintain confidentiality. Bob lives in residential accommodation with other people who have dementia. His profile is presented in Box 1, using the Roper, Logan and Tierney Activities of Living Model (Roper et al, 2000) to present a holistic overview of Bobs care needs on 12 activities of living (ALs) relevant to communication and inclusion and essential to health and well-being. Box 1: Bobs Profile CLIENT PROFILE Patients Name: Bob Stephens Age: 95-years old (Date of birth: 22nd October, 1915) Ethnicity: Jewish (non-practicing) Activities of Living (D=dependent; I=independent): Maintaining a safe environment D I Communication D I Breathing D I Eating and drinking D I Elimination D I Personal grooming D I Controlling body temperature D I Mobilising D I Working and playing D I Expressing sexuality D I Sleeping D I Dying D I Comments: Bob shows dependency in two ALs (i.e. maintaining a safe environment; working and playing) and requires support in four ALs: (i.e. communication; personal grooming; mobilising; elimination). Influencing Factors Biological: Bob is 95-years of age. He requires a hearing aid and walking stick. Psychological: Bobs dementia can sometimes result in confusion and disorientation. He also becomes tearful frequently and does not participate in residential activities. Socio-cultural: Bob is Jewish, but non-practicing and with no preference for Kosher food. He has a wife, Sue, who visits twice a week and with whom he has a close and affectionate relationship with. He also has a son, John, who visits him regularly. Environmental: Bob does not like noisy environments. Politico-economic: No current issues. Additional Notes: Bob has a care plan devised to reduce the risk of harm to himself and others. Despite this, Bobs carers have noted that he is polite and charming when his situation and circumstances are to his preference. Bob was born in the East End of London. He retired from the Royal Air Force (RAF) 15-years ago and expresses that this was my life. Sue has shared that it was after retirement that Bob lost interest in all activities, including socialising. Relevant Theories and Models The theories and models relevant to this case study are those pertaining to communication and inclusion. These two issues are complementary in that communication is an important component of working with people who have dementia and their families in a participatory way that encourages inclusion. Theories of communication are described, followed by a definition and outline of social inclusion. Communication There tends to be two broad perspectives on communication, these being Transmission Models and Communication-as-Interaction Models. Transmission Models purport that communication is the transference of information from the sender to the receiver, with the sending hearing or reading the message as they interpret it. Although this model of communication is limited in its simplistic view of communication, it does hold some relevancy to Bobs situation. Within the Transmission Model, the concept of noise is used to refer to the wide variety of different factors that can affect the success of transmitting a message from one person to another. Since Bob is hard of hearing and wears a hearing aid, he can find noisy environments difficult to cope with. He does not like noise and thus it is important to communicate with him in a quiet environment where there is little distraction. Communication-as-Interaction theories view communication as a shared process with active participation from all parties, thus recognising the complexity of human interaction. This model of communication proposes that the meanings that emerge from the interaction are affected by a wide range of psychological and social factors. As with the Transmission Model, this model is also relevant to Bob. In particular, it provides insight into why Bob might shout or become verbally aggressive in noisy environments. In such situations, psychologically Bob is likely to be overwhelmed. Furthermore, due to social withdrawal following retirement, it is plausible that Bob becomes anxious in social situations that are no longer familiar to him. Robb et al. (2004) note that in the case of dementia care, Communication-as-Interaction perspectives, which take a biopsychosocial approach, provide a more person-centred element to caring for an individual with dementia. Therefore, whilst Transmission Models are also relevant to Bobs situation, it is important to also apply elements of Communication-as-Interaction, especially in efforts to promote inclusion. Indeed, viewing communication as a shared process is productive of supporting social interaction. To expand on the role of interaction in communication and inclusion, the Symbolic Interaction perspective provides further insight. This perspective posits that in individuals identity is formed on the basis of messages they receive from other people about the kind of person they are and the nature of the world they live in (Kontos, 2005). Bob does experience agitation and frustration and it is important to be aware that if carers or family react to this in a consistently negative way, it is likely that Bob will use this information to form a self-identity that promotes social exclusion through the avoidance of interaction with others. Bob, as do other people, has a daily regime and if this is changed he can feel unsettled. An understanding of this via insight into the theory of Symbolic Interaction can facilitate better management of Bobs care needs. Utilising the Symbolic Interaction approach further, there needs to be an emphasis on positive communication being about talking with the individual rather than at them, as has been the case with Bob (Parker, 2003). Inclusion Social inclusion has been defined by the Local Government Improvement and Development Group (2010) as relating to the ability to fully participate in normal social activities, and engage in political and civic life (p.1). In contrast, social exclusion has been defined as relating to being unable to participate fully in normal social activities, or to engage in political and civic life (p.1). Using these definitions it becomes clear that social inclusion is a broad concept involving a wide range of social and political activities. In terms of mental health and dementia, inclusion involves maximises opportunity personally and within the wider community (MIND, 2008). Thus, social inclusion is about ensuring that people have the opportunity to get involved in the activities they want to get involved in and are not excluded from society on the basis of any disability. It is believed that in the field of dementia care, social inclusion begins by changing attitudes towards people with demen tia and considering what people can and want to do, i.e. giving them a choice in their care, in the way they live, as well as helping them develop the tools to self-manage effectively and thus maintain their independence. As described within this case study, maximising opportunities and providing Bob with choices are a key part of communication and interaction with him. Participatory Approach A person-centred approach has been taken in supporting Bob and his family with issues of communication and inclusion. This has been essential in ensuring that the issues important to Bob and his family have been targeted, as opposed to care being based on assumptions or preconceptions of carers (Whitworth et al., 1999). The Participation Ladder, developed by Arnstein (1969), has been applied in work with Bob and his family. This model is based on the observation that the fundamental point [is] that participation without redistribution of power is an empty and frustrating process for the powerless. It allows the power holders to claim that all sides were considered, but makes it possible for only some of those sides to benefit. It maintains the status quo (pp. 216-233). This Ladder is particularly pertinent in dementia care, where an imbalance of power comes from the person with dementia being in a vulnerable position compared to their carer. The Ladder comprises eight levels, as follows: Manipulation this is a non-participative level where the aim would be to cure or educate Bob. Therapy this is also a non-participative level where the aim would be to cure or educate Bob. Informing this is an important first step to legitimate participation, but often the emphasis is on a one-way flow of information from the carer to the individual with dementia. Consultation another important step towards participation, which would comprise surveys, meetings and enquiries with Bob and his family. Placation this step would enable Bob and his family to be involved in planning his care, but the power would still reside with the carer as they would make the final decisions. Partnership this is when power is redistributed through negotiation, in this case, between Bob, his family, and professionals involved in his care. Planning and decision-making responsibilities are shared, supporting the co-creating health initiative currently underway by the Health Foundation (Health Foundation, 2010). This initiative promotes active partnership between individuals receiving care and their carers. This is the step of the Participation Ladder utilised within Bobs care. Delegated Power Bob would hold the majority of power for certain decisions. Citizen Control Bob would have complete control and power over his own care, which is not always feasible within healthcare, especially in the care of people with dementia. Work with Bob resides on level 6 of the Ladder, partnership, as Bob can communicate verbally and shows clear preferences and needs, which demonstrates a capacity to identify his own needs, voice these needs, and make decisions accordingly. However, there are instances where Bob can become confused and agitated and might not make the most appropriate decisions; this is when carers and family become more involved in the decision-making. In particular, in order to promote social inclusion there are some instances where Bob does need encouragement or motivation to interact with others or with the community. Input from carers and family on such matters are vital for Bob to maintain his independence and quality of life. Bobs family have been included in every day and night decisions that affect themselves and Bob. Families can experience the same power imbalance as those with dementia in that once the person with dementia enters care the family lose a sense of control. They also lose an established role within the relationship. Involving them in care plans regarding communication and inclusion initiatives can help them maintain a satisfactory role and remain involved in the persons life. It also adds some structure and meaning to their visits, which is important because some families can find this a stressful situation. Loss of control is heightened by being excluded from decisions, difficulty in getting information, lack of interest in their special knowledge of the person, and negative reactions to their worries and concerns (Woods et al., 1999). The family have a good relationship with Bobs carers and in particular with the manager of the residential home, who has developed a unique bond with Bob that others have not been able to establish. Thus, Bobs family are comfortable asking questions and raising concerns. They are also closely involved in planning activities and opportunities with Bob, which has greatly facilitated the trust built between Bob and the manager of the residential home. Discussion of Case Bobs case notes and care plan highlight a key issue with communication and inclusion being that he can become agitated and frustrated, resulting in him striking out at carers and other residents. The goal of his care plan has been to reduce the risk of harm to others and keep Bob and others safe in order to enhance inclusion. Bob is most likely to become a risk when he becomes agitated or frustrated, which most often arises when he experiences confusion and disorientation. This can result in him shouting at carers and other residents. It is noted within the literature that feelings of confusion can be a way of people with dementia retreating from an overload of painful information; it is not always caused by neurological impairment (Cheston and Bender, 2000). It could be that Bob is struggling to make sense of his life and might even be experiencing feelings of fear and grief at the loss of past activities and living circumstances that have resulted from dementia. Bobs care plan advises that in these situations, when Bob becomes a risk to himself and others, that carers speak to him in a calm and polite manner. It is important that they do not use challenging or confrontational language or gestures, so as to avoid arguments and disagreements. It is also advised that efforts are made to divert Bobs attention from the situation that has caused his agitation. However, Bob does pick up on these diversion tactics and will challenge them, thus carers try to divert him with activities he enjoys and that involve him in communication with others. For example, Bob enjoys reminiscing about the past, talking about his birthplace, and his time in the RAF as a pilot. His family have helped with locating his flying logbooks and Bob enjoys talking about these at length. Indeed, these are instances were Bob engages well and according to the Communication-as-Interaction model discussed previously. In particular, Bob becomes verbally enthused by the interaction, but can also focus on listening to others. An important component of enabling communication and inclusion in dementia care is getting to know someone and forming a relationship. One way in which this has been achieved with Bob has been to listen to his stories about the past and to engage his family in this process. The literature suggests that such an approach can also help build trust and balance power (Bartlett and OConner, 2010). It is easy to get to know Bob as he enjoys talking about his past experiences. It has thus been vital that carers hone listening skills (i.e. attentive listening and person-centred listening skills). It has been found that using this technique to divert Bob away from frustrating situations has also helped carers in their reactions to Bobs outbursts. This is extremely important as, according to the Symbolic Interaction model discussed previously, repetitive negative reactions could be used by Bob to form a self-identity that promotes social exclusion through the avoidance of interaction with others. Rather than raising ones voice with Bob or provoking further agitation, carers identify the reasons behind Bobs frustration. For example, it could be the result of an inability to communicate need in the social context. Evidence of this can be seen in the way that Bob can become easily frustrated if his morning routine is changed. An understanding of this as opposed to a focus on his abusive verbal response facilitates better management of these situations when they arise. This approach supports the biopsychosocial approach, which suggests that behaviour and non-verbal communication has a meaning and provides insight into how a person is feeling or what they might be thinking. Indeed, Stoke (2002) suggests that meeting needs requires some flexibility in the care environment; even if needs cannot be met or behaviour changed, understanding what it means can make it easier for staff and family to accept. Working out the meaning of behaviour can be facilitated by taking into consideration a persons history, physical and mental health, social context, and their abilities and disabilities. For example, talking to Bob in an inclusive way has been important. In particular, being mindful of phrases used to refer to Bob, either to him or his family, and the implications of this have been considered (e.g. referring to Bob in a personal and individualised way as opposed to as a dementia sufferer, or patient, both of which could promote a victim role). Bobs hearing difficulties and dislike of noise are likely to explain some of the agitation and frustration experienced when others are around. Bob can be offered one-to-one sessions in a quieter room when other residents around, but it is important not to isolate him and to encourage reintegration with the group afterwards. Bobs other interests, such as reading the newspaper with his breakfast each morning, is also used to facilitate communication and inclusion. The fact that Bob enjoys reading newspapers provides him with knowledge of current affairs and what is going on within his local community. In order to maintain and promote this activity, special care is taken to ensure Bob has choice in which newspapers he reads and when he reads them. In particular, when Bob receives his newspaper he prefers that all cutlery, teapots and crockery are placed at his table. Choice is very important to Bob and carers make every effort to provide choice in every day and night activities, including the provision of a menu so that he can select his choice of lunchtime sandwich on a daily basis. This provides more than choice, but also promotes continued independence. In order to facilitate communication, a communication log has been devised for Bob in order to ensure that all carers are sensitive to the way in which he communicates. For example, when Bob says that he needs an appointment, this means that he needs the toilet. Making all carers aware of this ensures that Bobs dignity and is preserved and he is not confronted by embarrassing situations that might make him withdraw. Another sensitive area for Bob is that he does need assistance with personal hygiene. Bob is aware of his appearance and becomes agitated if he is not clean-shaven or if his clothes are unkempt. It is known that people with dementia can avoid situations that might cause embarrassment or shame, which might explain Bobs social isolation. It also provides emphasis on resolving any issues that might further prevent social interaction through shame or similar feelings. Social well-being is a core aspect of inclusive care practice and involving people, as well as making sure they feel in control and connected to the world around them. The literature suggests that social well-being is achieved through social relationships, involvement in social activities and participation in the society (Victor and Scharf, 2005). It is believed that a lack of social well-being occurs when people do not have opportunities for social contact and relationships, lack friends and support networks and are socially excluded. Bob does need encouragement and motivation to keep physically active and interact socially, but including his wife and family in this process has enhanced the effectiveness of any efforts made to assist Bob with inclusion. Furthermore, opportunities are made available to Bob, such as going to the coffee shop or visiting places of interest, such as RAF establishments. Since Bob requires a walking stick, the locations of planned outings are first checked for accessibility in order to ensure Bob is not confronted by problems of exclusion when accessing the community. There are many interventions that can be used to improve communication and enhance inclusion for people with dementia. One such intervention is advocacy (Cheston, Bender, and Byatt, 2000). The need for dementia advocacy is becoming more recognised in the field and it is evolving to enable people with dementia to have more self-determination (Cantley and Steven, 2004) and to protect them from harm and abuse (OPAAL UK, 2009). There are a variety of models and approaches to advocacy, including professional advocacy that can be received from the professional carer and self-advocacy which is when someone with dementia speaks up for themselves. Both of these are pertinent to Bobs situation as there are some areas where he can act as self-advocate, such as expressing his preferences for his morning regime. However, there are instances where the professionals caring for Bob need to act as his advocate, such as when informing new staff of Bobs communication needs, etc. There are also instance s where Bobs family can act as his advocate, for example, in circumstances where they know more about Bob than the professional carers do but where Bob is unable to express his needs. By including Bobs family in his care, the importance of Bobs time in the RAF and the impact that retirement had on his health and well-being have provided key information on ways to communicate and include Bob. The need to offer more support for family carers has been recognised in the National Dementia Strategy (2011), where increasing emphasis has been placed on working with and supporting families of people with dementia. Furthermore, the literature and public policy encourages ways of working that take more account of the wider family, empower rather than disempower family members, and build partnerships between professionals, families and people with dementia (Moriarty and Webb, 2000). This is promoted due to the well-documented benefits to people with dementia of working with their family, which has also been evidenced in work with Bob and his family (Oyebode, 2005). Overall, Bobs care involves a great deal of facilitation, which has been defined by Kitwood (1997) as enabling a person to do what otherwise he or she would not be able to do, by providing those parts of the action that are missing (p. 91). Facilitation is aimed at helping the person with dementia to maximise their own potential and express themselves as fully as possible. Facilitation can also, as has been the case with Bob, act as a safety net, helping to reduce fear of failure that may prevent some people with dementia from initiating or participating in an activity. It is an important aspect of the person-centred approach taken within Bobs care and is further referred to by Kitwood (1997) as positive person work. In terms of the communication and inclusion support provided to Bob, facilitation has meant not just providing or organising activities, but being involved in helping the activity to take place. To achieve this, it has been crucial to be aware of how Bob is feeling, how he is responding to what is happening, and sharing the experience with him. It has also involved being sensitive to the parts of the activities that Bob can no longer partake in, such as flying aeroplanes. In this sense, Kitwoods (1997) theory of dementia care and the interpersonal process utilises the Communication-as-Interaction approach. Interacting with Bob and his family on an interpersonal level has facilitated communication and inclusion. Conclusion and Final Reflections This case study has provided a detailed description, exploration and analysis of every day and night decisions that affect a gentleman with dementia, Bob, and his family in regard to communication and inclusion. A key point emerging from this case study is the link between communication and inclusion and the importance of recognising that one cannot exist without the other. Communication is needed to facilitate inclusion and vice versa. Furthermore, the importance of involving family in every day and night decisions that affect the person with dementia have been highlighted as not only improving the well-being of the family and the person with dementia, but also as being a way in which a deeper and more trusting relationship can be built between the carer and the person with dementia. On establishing this bond, communication and inclusion become easier to support and facilitate when working in partnership with the person who has dementia. This has been the case with Bob and his famil y. A partnership approach to working with Bob has been vital in maintaining his autonomy and independence, which in turn has helped form a supportive relationship productive of communication and inclusion.

Brown v Board of Education Essay -- Civil Rights Movement

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the seventeenth day in May 1954 a decision was made which changed things in the United States dramatically. For millions of black Americans, news of the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education meant, at last, that they and their children no longer had to attend separate schools. Brown v. Board of Education was a Supreme Court ruling that changed the life of every American forever. In Topeka, Kansas, a black third-grader named Linda Brown had to walk one mile through a railroad switchyard to get to her black elementary school, even though a white elementary school was only seven blocks away. Linda's father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in the white elementary school, but the principal of the school refused. Brown went to McKinley Burnett, the head of Topeka's branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and asked for help. The NAACP was eager to assist the Browns, as it had long wanted to challenge segregation in public schools. Other black parents joined Brown, and, in 1951, the NAACP requested an injunction that would forbid the segregation of Topeka's public schools (NAACP). The U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas heard Brown's case from June 25-26, 1951. At the trial, the NAACP argued that segregated schools sent the message to black children that they were inferior to whites; therefore, the schools were unequal. The Board of Education's defense was that, because segregation in Topeka and elsewhere pervaded many other aspects of life, segregated schools simply prepared black children for the segregation they would face during adulthood. The board also argued that segregated schools were not necessarily harmful to black children; great African Americans had overcome much more than just segregated schools and became very successful. The request for an injunction pushed the court to make a difficult decision. On one hand, the judges agreed with the Browns; saying that: â€Å"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children...A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn† (The National Center For Public Research). On the other hand, the precedent of Plessy v. Ferguson allowed separate but equal school systems for blacks and whites, and no Supreme Court ruling had overturned Plessy yet. Be... ...tock market among black Americans have rocketed since the 1980s. The political and economic force of that black middle class continues to bring America closer to the vision of racial equality that Dr. King might have dreamed of 50 years ago. The Supreme Court's May 17, 1954, ruling in Brown v Board of Education remains a landmark legal decision. This decision is huge not only because it changed the history of America forever but also because it was a huge step for blacks in the United States. This decision would eventually lead to the full freedom of blacks in America. Brown v Board of Education is the "Big Bang" of all American history in the 20th century. Works Cited Cozzens, Lisa. â€Å"Brown v Board of Education.† Watson.org. 1995 . NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. â€Å"Brown v Board of Education Matters to All Americans.† Brown Cronicles. 2003 . Patterson, James. â€Å"Brown v Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy (Pivotal Moments in American History).† Oxford University Press., 2001. The National Center For Public Research. â€Å"Brown v Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) (USSC+).† Supreme Court of The United States. 1982 .

Rogerian Argument for Marijuana Legalization :: Cannabis Legalization Argumentative Essays

Rogerian Argument for Marijuana Legalization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cannabis plant has been the topic of much debate throughout the history of this country. Many people don't know that it was not the effect of cannabis that originally spurred its banning. It was actually originally the work of the cotton industry who put big money behind illegalization for the plant's mind altering effects. The cotton industry was afraid that hemp, a product of the cannabis plant, would soon overpower the strong hold of cotton since it was a more durable textile that required less work, less ground depletion, and could be grown almost anywhere. Since the time when cannabis first became illegal it has been grouped with other narcotics as a counterpart. The truth is cannabis has many benefits to society and other than the effects of smoke inhalation has very few negatives. Those against legalization try to put cannabis in the same light as other more potent drugs like cocaine and heroin. There are many misconceptions about the substance and it i s clear it should be looked at separately.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those opposed to the legalization of the cannabis plant in a September 11th 2003 article claim that with legalization of cannabis will come further problems. They say that legalization would lead to greater drug use especially with children as well as drug trafficking from legalized areas. They claim the tobacco and alcohol cause enough problems and there is no reason to add a new product into the mix. The claim is also made that drugs such as cannabis lead to poverty, crime, and violence. They argue that although the drug war cannot be completely successful it is worth it to slow down drug trade and that truly very few people are brought up on a simple possession charge of cannabis. Finally they make the claim that if cannabis and other drugs were legalized it would prevent court ordered addiction treatment. I understand the basis of all these claims and understand where they come from. Many arguments are made generally about the legalization of all illegal drugs including cannabis and I do agree that drugs other than cannabis should be kept illegal for all the reasons listed above. Where I find fault with the expose is the unfair grouping of cannabis into the article.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First off it is important to understand the effects of cannabis use and its history. When smoking cannabis THC is the leading stimulant released.

The Maltese Falcon :: essays research papers fc

Dashiell Hammett’s San Francisco: A Unique Setting in the Changing World of Early 20th Century Detective Fiction The Pacific coast port city of San Francisco, California provides a distinctively mysterious backdrop in Dashiell Hammett’s The Maltese Falcon. Unlike many other detective stories that are anchored in well-known metropolises such as Los Angeles or New York City, Hammett opted to place the events of his text in the lesser-known, yet similarly exotic cultural confines of San Francisco. Hammett used his own intricate knowledge of the San Francisco Bay Area - coupled with details collected during a stint as a detective for the now defunct Pinkerton Agency - to craft a distinctive brand of detective fiction that thrived on such an original setting (Paul 93). By examining the setting of 1920’s San Francisco in The Maltese Falcon, it becomes apparent that one of Hammett’s literary strengths was his exceptional ability to intertwine non-fictional places with a fictional plot and characters in order to produce a logical and exceedingly believable detective mystery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dashiell Hammett called the San Francisco area home from 1920 until 1936. For a portion of those fourteen years, he shared an apartment on Eddy Street with his first wife Josephine Dolan. This apartment was located very near the San Francisco Public Library on Larkin Street where in 1921 Hammett first conceived the idea of his writing detective fiction. San Francisco historian and author Don Freeman explains: In the library he would read the magazines and the books and one day after reading several detective yarns he said, ‘I can do that.’ The truth is, he could. And he did. He wrote for Black Mask, a pulp detective magazine, and then as his skills increased he began to write novels. It was in this library that Dashiell Hammett saw his future. (79) Hammett contributed stories to Black Mask for ten years until The Maltese Falcon gained public and literary acclaim. Many of the stories that Hammett penned for Black Mask were set in San Francisco, as the city provided him with a unique atmosphere in which to observe and record different cultures, norms, and fads. In the 1920’s, San Francisco was thought of as an exotic melting pot of culture that was rivaled only by its eastern cultural counterpart of New York City. Therefore, it is no surprise that Hammett used San Francisco as the setting of The Maltese Falcon to further illustrate the exotic and striking nature of the plot and characters within the text (Dumenil 211).

Volkswagen Polo Advertising

Volkswagen Polo advertisement Marco Mannoni Eric Sabatino Volkswagen, which means â€Å"people’s car†, is one of the most selling automotive companies in history. It has three cars in the top 10 list of best-selling cars of all time, the Volkswagen Golf, the Volkswagen Beetle and the Volkswagen Passat. The protagonist of the Volkswagen Polo advertisement is a student who is bullied by a group of â€Å"cool† guys. The situation changes when he gives a drive to one of the most beautiful girls of the school with his Polo.At the end of the advertisement the bullied guy will look more cool than the other guys thanks to a joke associated with the qualities of his car, the Volkswagen Polo. The purpose of the advertisement is to persuade young people that Volkswagen Polo is a young car and it’s made for them. As we can see in the advertisement there are only young people who act young, for example the joke that makes the advertisement funny is made only thanks to the qualities of the car and the behavior of the protagonist: if the car wasn’t powerful and the driver wasn’t driving hard, the joke couldn’t have been made.The advertisement is surely oriented towards a male audience. If we look at the ad we see that the actors are only students, probably university students. The joke that makes the ad funny matches with young people’s habits and behavior. This means that the target market for this advertisement is very small, it probably goes to a minimum of 18 years old (the age you can get the driving license) to a maximum of 23 years old (possibly your last year as a university student).This also means that the people who are the target maket probably don’t have any personal income and the car is supposed to be a present by their parents. The prototype of the target market for this ad is a middle-class 19 years old student who has just graduated from high school and deserves something very cool to start his n ew college experience in a positive way. The advertisement personality is particularly strong and it promises to the clients that they are going to buy one of the best young and also cool cars on the market.The product, a car in this case, is necessary for almost everyone in the world, but considering the target which the advertisement is addressed to, it is not strictly necessary. We’re not talking about a mobile phone or a high school degree, many young people use public transportations and go wherever and whenever they want with them. The advertisement wants to make its target market understand that Volkswagen Polo is not a vehicle, it is an experience.The stress on the feelings rather than on the technical qualities is supported with a very young advertisement which doesn’t focus on the car itself but instead focuses on who’s driving the car and how he looks and behave. The media used for this advertisement is internet. The only use of internet is justified by the content of the advertisement which could have been felt rude and controversial if aided on television. The fact that the ad is available only on the internet consents Volkswagen to look fashionable and trendy to its young clients and to don’t ruin the reliable image that it has with older people.

McDonaldization

Weber viewed bureaucracies as such a powerful form of social organization that he predicted they would come to dominate social life.   He called this process the rationalization of society, meaning that bureaucracies, with their rules, regulations, and emphasis on results would increasingly govern our lives.   Sociologist George Ritzer (2006) see the thousands of McDonald’s restaurants that are in the United States and more and more around the globe as having much greater significance than simply convenience of burgers and shakes. McDonaldization is defined as the process of how the principle of the fast-food restaurant is coming to take over more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the globe.   Ritzer holds that predictability, calculability and control over people through the replacement of human and non-human technology are the elements behind Weber’s formal rationality. Ritzer compares the fast-food restaurant with the home-made meal, and finds it to be more expensive and less pleasant.   You could also compare it to the traditional cuisine restaurant.   By comparison fast-food restaurants are obviously cheaper, more informal and more accessible to more people.   In such a comparison the fast-food restaurants may be seen as a kind of democratization of the restaurant services. And it is certainly something that Americans see as predictable, calculable and having control over society. Fast food restaurants have replaced the social interaction that was once a tradition of Mom staying home to cook and all sitting down to eat at a certain time (and usually when Dad had come home from work after a long day at work).   Now with the two parents working family the fast food restaurant has helped bureaucracies to expand and develop the twenty-four hour society.   The growth of the fast-food industry has also been one of the factors both enabling and resulting in the growth of female out of the home paid employment. According to Ritzer the credit car is the most important American icon, because it is a means to obtaining other American icons.   Ritzer uses the credit card as a window to get a better view of American society and culture, it expresses something about America.   It speeding planting around the globe gives other cultures and societies an American express or appearance.   Through the use of the cards other cultures, according to Ritzer, are Americanized. Through the credit card has it good points, Ritzer focuses on the darker side and attendant problems such as consumerism and debt, fraud, invasion of privacy, rationalization and homogenization in the shape of Americanization.   The money economy is associated with a temptation to imprudence and a resulting risk of overspending and going deeply into debt.   According to Ritzer, both the intangibility of money and the swiftness of transactions increase with the use of credit cards.   As a result credit cards will lead to even greater levels of imprudence. The author shows that credit card debt has become the most common form of financial liability in the U.S.   Even though the risks of imprudence are more or less intrinsic to the cards he also blames the credit card industry for luring people even deeper into debt problems.   Ritzer lays out the malaise of the American consumer society, criticizing the credit card companies for their exploitative conduct and the American government for their unwillingness to regulate industry and to give consumers adequate protection. Reference: Ritzer, G. (2006).   McDonaldization: The Reader.   New York: Sage Publication.    McDonaldization McDonaldization was a term originated by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1995). In this book, he described the process through which a society takes shape the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. For Ritzer McDonaldization displayed a rationalization, or moving from traditional to rational modes of thought, and scientific management. In his theory,   Max Weber displayed the model of the bureaucracy to represent the direction of this changing society, through this Ritzer saw the fast-food restaurant to become a more representative contemporary paradigm. According to Ritzer there were four main components of McDonaldization. This he described to be efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. In efficiency he described the optimal method for accomplishing a task. Here Ritzer pertained to the best method that would help you reach the efficiency of reaching the fastest method to get from point A to point B. This is being displayed in your typical McDonald’s customers set up; that the fastest way to get from being hungry to being full is to eat at McDonald’s. In Calculability Ritzer showed that the main objective should be quantifiable which can be displayed through sales rather than subjective for example taste. In the rise of McDonaldization, it developed the notion that quantity should be equal to quality. This sprung from the typical goal of a business enterprise to serve a large amount of goods to deliver to its customer in a short amount of time. It was interpreted that this should be the same as high quality goods. This generally gave the people the impression that of how much they’re getting verses how much they’re paying in purchasing goods. Through this organizations want consumers to believe that they are getting a larger amount of goods for a smaller amount of money. Thus workers in these organizations also can be judged by how fast they are in production instead of the quality of work they do. Predictability – standardized and uniform services. In describing predictability Ritzer pertained to the predictability and uniformity of receiving the same service and receiving the same goods every time a person purchases anything at any â€Å"McDonaldized† organization. It is also reflected in the performance of the workers in those said organizations. Each person and organization is tasked to maintain a level of highly repetitive, highly routined, and predictable tasks. In control Ritzer showed the display of standardized and uniform employees, which was the replacement of human by non-human technologies. Through this each â€Å"McDonalized† organization is in control of it operations very carefully to achieve the predictable goals it set for itself. These four processes shows a strategy which is rational within a narrow scope but can also lead to outcomes that are harmful or irrational. In Ritzer’s book, the process of McDonaldization can be summarized as the way in which â€Å"the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world.† (Ritzer, 1996). Through this it is manifested how society is being shaped through the principles being set to us by the standards and values of the popular fast food chain called McDonald’s. It was not only through the domination of the McDonalds food chain can we attribute the McDonaldization of society, it is by how the trend of the McDonalds phenomenon of success where in we can see the reflection why such food chain has given such a large impact to society. In McDonaldization that the pattern of being set by the popular fast food chain McDonald’s is not being restricted to the domain of the fast-food market. It is even quite evident in the modernizing society that this wave of McDonaldization can be seen in the manifestations of the supermarket. It is now evident that supermarkets has now come be the replacement for the corner store and has since itself been superseded by all sorts of hypermarkets. In the world of entertainment video shop chains and Disneyland are can display McDonaldization. While in the arena of healthcare it has been also noticeable how house doctors has been irretrievably replaced by a much more streamlined, effective, all-encompassing, but, alas, also a much more impersonal system of health care. In the world of printing press, the American nationwide newspaper USA Today is sometimes referred to as McPaper (Ritzer, 1996, p. 7). This paper exemplifies how the news can be perfected through its presentation of the current events in a standardized manner, this way it is more easily digestible for the readers. This way a very specific and easily recognizable layout, and shorter pieces with no continuation of reports on later pages, as well as a number of other measures, can ensure absolute predictability and thus efficiency. Just as much as tomorrow's Big Mac in LA will be the same as yesterday's in New York, so much will USA Today live up to your expectations. â€Å"USA Today gives its readers only what they want. No spinach, no bran, no liver.† (Ritzer, 1996, p. 76) Probably, one of the most notable and important institution that was McDonalized should be the domain of higher education. Initially, we could only begin to imagine ho shocking implications of McDonaldization can pose to us and our kids. Despite that, this is exactly what McDonaldization poses to our students having that grade point averages and the ranking of institutions, giving us trends of modernized education. It is predictability is a clear manifestation that even our education system has been McDonalized through time in modernization. Through this efficiency is more and more accomplished by means of multi-choice tests and even more, by standardized textbooks and preset tests that accompany them. Modernization of the education arena is clearly making our students lose a personal and cultural touch in the spheres of learning specially when it comes to discussions of history, culture and heritage. Specifically in the context of the creation and distribution of scientific information, the ever-present spectre of â€Å"publish or perish† must be mentioned. One can hardly overemphasize the detrimental effects such policies, founded as it’s in a paradigm of quantification, has on the quality of the information disseminated in scientific journals. While the efficiency in the aspect of the different spheres of society being imposed by McDonaldization can be advantageous to man kind, I think the McWorld is being taken into to many levels by most institutions that we are revolving around today. While it may be true that a McDonald’s happy meal is an efficient way to satisfy one’s hunger, I believe we are slowly but surely losing touch of the original nutritional value that can be manifested in the cultural degradation which is evident all around the world in the manifestation of the new wave of globalization. These days it the cultural display amongst younger people of different races and religions can barely be seen as the youth is now packaged in to one technological generation where in culture can only be displayed by one standardized McMTV generation where the genre has been set by pioneers of the entertainment industry. Negative manifestations can be seen through this as the youth has now set a trend of detachment to the world around them. The rampant display of violence and sex in media doesn’t help at all as escalating levels of juvenile delinquency is now more evident in the lifestyle of today’s youth. The consumer culture is now at a wide spread like wild fire catching ablaze all that is in sight in one quick round. It is true that the McDonaldization is evident in society today. Its fast domination of the world is not only amuzing but more alarming if you ask me. Different organizations across the globe is now in a totally different level of competitiveness that they begin to lose touch of the goals and mission while focusing on how to cope with the wave of coping with the big player of each modernized and changing Mcfield of the world that is now crossing barriers of culture religion and any differences that used to divide the world for both good and bad reasons. While it is a good concept that the world can be united as one, unfortunately now Mcdonaldization is dividing it more in ways that can be irepairable as we now lose touch of our personal individuality in the mass scale of Mcpattenting each person to be one big global market. Ritzer was right that the world was being Mcdonalized, what we can only hope for now is that this trend wont get big enough for our lives to be turned into packaged happy meals because that way we lose touch of so many important levels of our individuality that we should appreciate and embrace in our daily lives. References: Ritzer, G. (1996). The McDonaldization of Society. Revised ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Pine Forge. 265p. Alfino, M.,Caputo J., & Wynyard R. (1996). McDonaldization Revisited: Critical Essays on Consumer Culture, Westport: Praege